WWI DBQ

WWI the "Great War," involved all of the great powers of Europe and killed more than 8 million soldiers. Discuss the reasons that lead to the rising international tensions that sparked WWI.

World War One's fire was started by many sparks. There were previous wars leading to peace treaties. There were also assassinations and deaths. The deaths lead to new leaders with different view points and changes within the countries. However, the most prominent reason that lead to the international tensions starting WWI, was the assassination of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand because of the outburst of violence and rage towards Serbia seen in Austria-Hungary.

In June 1914, the Archduke and his wife were assassinated when their driver accidentally took a wrong turn. The murderers were allegedly Serbians, which caused a great uproar against Serbia as a whole. Austria-Hungary waged war against Serbia for this murder of their esteemed Archduke and is seen in Document seven that this was sent to Vienna as well to give reason as to why they were waging war. Austria-Hungary also brought Germany into the war on their side because Russia came into the war on the side of Serbia. In Document one, Article one, it clearly states that if one of the countries were to be attacked by Russia, then the other country would come to the aid of the attacked country. Germany was legally bound to Austria-Hungary, therefore forcing them to join forces and fight against Russia and Serbia. Italy also joined in on the side of Austria-Hungary with Germany, creating the Triple Alliance between all three of them as seen in Document two Article four.

Germany is the first to attack physically and wages war against France and Russia. Emperor William II sent notification to Tsar Nicholas II in Document eight stating this fact, because Russia had mobilized their army and navy against Austria-Hungary, in effect also mobilizing against Germany. Although the two great leaders were cousins, they had to fight against each other for the good of their allies. It is also noted in Document nine that because of this mobilization, Germany had to wage war against Russia even though they had been peaceful towards each other previous to this campaign by Austria-Hungary against Serbia. Thus began the battle between Germany and Russia as well as France. Austria-Hungary had only waged war against Serbia throughout this whole dispute.

Serbia throughout this whole conflict was trying to mobilize their own revolutionary army against those who did not like the idea of the Serbian ideal. Anyone and everyone could fight against outside enemies to remove the conflicting ideas. Document six is talking about how Serbia needed an army. They needed an army to build up and fight against the Triple Alliance of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

In conclusion, the entire war would not have been started if Archduke Franz Ferdinand had not been assassinated. Austria-Hungary would not have created such an upheaval against the main powers of Europe. Germany never would have had to wage war against their friend, Russia. Conflicts against countries never would have started in the first place. If Serbia had not killed their next in line leader, WWI would have never happened.

Extra Credit Animal Farm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=49bNg1ZC8rM

Animal Farm
Say you'll come with me
It'll do you no harm
I know that you'll like it
On animal farm

Beware of the stress signs
The body's alarm
Two weeks ought to cure it
On animal farm

(Get down, get down, get down, get down ,get down, get down, down, down, down, down, down)

Thereis the peace of the quiet and the country air
Your attitude changes
You begin to care
A curb on excess is encouraged by nurses
And the urge to remonstrate is stifled when your dinner plate is gone

Don't let it deter you
Switch on the charm
The inmates will love you
On animal, on animal, on animal farm

(Get down, get down, get down, get down, get down, get down,down, down, down, down, down)

There is the peace of the quiet and the country air
Your attitude changes
You begin to care
A curb on excess is encouraged by nurses
And the urge to remonstrate is stifled when your dinner plate is gone

Don't let it deter you
Switch on the charm
The inmates will love you
On animal farm

Say you'll come with me
It'll do you no harm
I know that you'll like it
On animal farm
I know that you'll love it
On animal farm
I know that you'll like it

On animal farm

Newsworth
(Newsworth)
So tell me
(Newsworth)
What's really news after all
The king broke a string, did that warrant five curtain calls

(Newsworth)
Excuse me
(Newsworth)
Your news has taken a dive
The artists are gone
Now who is the fastest alive

Your pretence is there
But your envy's showing its face
You dropped your guitar
The ball point's taking its place
Your ego suffered a blow
When your idol showed his disdain
You say that you're unbiased well you must think that we're green

(Newsworth)
I've heard that
(Newsworth)
A newsworth lives in his pen
May I suggest
It's likely that he lives in one then

(Newsworth)
What happens
(Newsworth)
After you lie down at night
In your case the lying's not reclining you can lie best upright

We quite understand
You can't always be kind

Please take extra care
And think before you malign

You've come a long way
Since the broom and the tea bag days

So drop the Sunday paper stuff
One page of ads is one too much
When it comes to slagging, we play rough

Did you think we were green

Well we're not

You're a
(Newsworth)
You're a
(Newsworth)
You're a
(Newsworth)

Late 19th Century DBQ

There was great change in the late 19th century. Marxism took place and socialism gained ground. Paintings and drawings show these changes. The working and middle class people were the main groups effected by these changes. The changes of the late 19th century caused people's thoughts to change and for life to alter because of movements among the people. Socialism had the greatest effect on the European people due to the drastic thoughts and changes in society with the classes, and how people began to want more from their jobs than a low and unfair pay.

Carl Marx started out with wanting change in work. He wanted there to be a better pay for the work that was put out to create material objects sold to the public. He also felt that everything in the past happened to give reason and effect the causes of what goes on in the present and future. He also saw that women and children were not being treated equal to the men. They were not as important as men were in society. Women were material and were used as housekeepers and caretakers. Children were brought up a certain way by whichever gender they were. Young boys were brought up to be in the working class. Young girls were taught to tend to crops and fields as well as keep the house clean and make the meals. He did not consider this fair, and wanted his ideas to be heard and to take affect in society. A big change that came into affect was the increase in salaries at work as well as minimum wage coming about.

In Document 1, there is a scene of two women sitting on a train with a young boy sleeping next to them. They have their backs to all of the men in top hats who are all in conversation with one another. Women and children were obviously segregated away from the working class men and treated as inferiors. The women and small boy are not in any way of any importance to the working class sitting behind them. They are not of the working class, and instead are beneath it. However, this is not the most important part of the painting. The most important part is the idea that trains were being used as means of transportation. This was new. The train had not been used as transportation before. This was a new concept in the late 19th century.

In Document 2, the painting is set on a rainy day in town. There are people walking around under umbrellas getting to where they need to go. Society in the working/middle class had begun to change. Women walked around with men. A woman named Flora worked for this to happen. She had been considered illegitimate in France and had had all of her inheritance taken away from her. She was married to an abusive husband who, once divorced, was given full custody to their children. Flora worked for women's equality to come into affect. Urban life had taken a turn for the better.

Socialism really had a great affect on the urban society. People of the middle and working class were better off and now getting more money for their work. Women in the middle class were being respected by men. However, in the lower class, this was not the same. Women and children were considered inferior and of little importance. They were disregarded by the working and middle class. Marxism also played a big role in socialism. He caused people to think about what could be done to make their lives better. Socialism really did have the greatest affect on the thoughts of the people and how they acted around one another as well as their pay grade at work.

Candide Redo

Thesis: Pangloss's optimism is much better than Martin's pessimism because of how Pangloss positively affected Candide on his journeys around the world.

Outline:

Pangloss was a great person, with a kind heart, and a positive thinker.

• Pangloss was very optimistic and a philosopher as well.
  
  
• Pangloss taught Candide when he was young about thinking optimistically.
  
  
• Candide, the main character, always keeps his heart and mind open.
  
  
• Candide takes what Pangloss says to heart and remembers it for later reference.
  
  
• Candide was continually optimistic, even though his life was hard.
  
  
  Pangloss made great points about life throughout his travels and inspired Candide to remain optimistic even in times of great hardships.
  
  
• Pangloss said that everything that happens is the best it could be and there is no effect without a cause.
  
  
• Believed God made everything that happens happen in the best way it can be.
  
  
• Pangloss believed that optimism was key and that everything happened for a reason.
  
  
• He was banished from a castle, stabbed Cunegonde's brother, found the Golden City by mistake, and was reunited with his love at the end.
  
  Martin was an irksome person, who had a negative yet more realistic outlook on life. He caused turmoil between he and those around him.
  
  
• Martin was a pessimist and created a negative atmosphere.
  
  
• Martin was bluntly realistic compared to Pangloss's philosophy of optimism.
  
  
• He talked about rising above all the evil of the world to get to God.
  
  
• His pessimism irked Candide during their travels together.
  
  
• Martin keeps trying to dissolve Candide's hope of ever finding and marrying Cunegonde.
  
  
  However, Candide never gives up hope, and in the end through all the problems he's faced, he still manages to marry Cunegonde and live happily with her
  
  
• He befriended an elder woman who helped to reunite he and Cunegonde at the end.
  
  
• Everything that happened, happened for the best in his mind, which kept Candide going. He married the girl he loved and lived a good life.

FRQ

Contrast the political views, methods, successes, and failures of Cavour and Metternich.

Cavour and Metternich were both powerful people. Cavour was a leader in the Italian unification, and Metternich was an important diplomat. Both had great affects on people. Cavour and Metternich both were different people, but their achievements are the most prominent of their contrasts.

Cavour was a Liberal and founded the Italian Liberal Party. He was the Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia as well. He rose in his ranking in the government after being elected. Cavour caused Piedmont to gain in power throughout Italy and rise to the top. It had become a fantastic new power all throughout Europe. He and Garibaldi created an army known as the Red Shirts to fight for land they wanted. They won this land.

Metternich as a great diplomat of his time, was important before and throughout the Congress of Vienna. He had a goal to make peace in France and to regain order in Austria. He wanted to restabilize Austria after having been a part of the problem to begin with. He created a political equal standing with Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, and Poland. He was an important arguer for many years. Metternich considered himself to be a liberal.

Both achievements of their times were great. Both helped to create a better country, and to stabilize. However, Cavour and Metternich were different in their successes. Metternich was in Austria, Cavour was in Italy. Cavour won over the land he and Garibaldi wanted as well as brought Piedmont up to the top in government ranking. Metternich created peace in France and regained order and stability in Austria. This was their greatest contrast.

Outline Final Draft

• Definitions:
  Chiaroscuro-the distribution of light and shading/darkness in a picture/painting

  Sfumato- the gradual change of colors in a painting

  
  

  Thesis- Artists during the Italian Renaissance were exponentially more popular due to the change in style of art into a religious outlook, but the profession developed into a more exclusive occupation because of how the work became remarkably lifelike.

  
  Filippo Brunelleschi was a great beginning to an era of religious art work.

  • He was an architect and sculptor.
  • "a Florentine hero on account of the celebrated dome"(Web Gallery of Art)
  • Brunelleschi was trained as a goldsmith and greatly enjoyed it. (Life of an Artist)
  • Art work:
    Sacrifice of Isaac bronze relief
    Crucifix polychromed wood
    Dome of the Cathedral
  • Went from a geometric style to a rhythmic sculptural style (Web Gallery of Art)

  
  Donatello created masterpieces out of bronze and marble with religious background to them.

  • He sculpted bronze and marble
  • His earliest sculpture was of David.
  • His early sculptures were of a Gothic style
  • Works of art:
    Statue of David in marble
    Marzocco in stone
    St. Rossore in bronze

  
  Bertoldo di Giovanni created statues from mythological creatures and beings.

  • He was a pupil of Donatello
  • "The teacher of Michaelangelo since he was employed by Lorenzo de Medici, Il Magnifico"(Web Gallery of Art)
  • He was interested in classical sculpting
  • Art works:
    Arion bronze statue
    Bellerophon and Pegasus bronze statue
    Hercules with the Apple of Hesperides bronze statue
    
    

  Sandro Botticelli was a well known painter whose paintings were more religious, but the most well known was that of a Roman goddess.

  • He was an Italian painter
  • "His understanding of perspective and foreshortening, of architectural design and, indeed, of anatomy, were all that might have been expected of a man with such a background, but it is to the pure visual poetry of the outcome that he owes his fame"(Web Gallery of Art)
  • He experimented with pyramidal form
  • Did many works for Lorenzo Medici the Elder
    
  • Most notable painting was The Birth of Venus
  • The Adoration of the Magi gave him a great reputation for color, design, and composition(Life of an Artist)
  • Art works:
    The Virgin and the Child with Two Angels and the Young St. John the Baptist tempera on panel
    Adoration of the Magi tempera on panel
    St. Sebastian tempera on panek
    The Virgin and Child Enthroned
    The Birth of Venus

Vittore Carpaccio's art work were of story tales and legends.

• His main works of art were done between 1490 and 1519
  
• He was ranked among the masters of the Venetian Renaissance
• His early influences were Antonello da Messina and Giovanni Bellini (Vittore Carpaccio)
• "in later years Carpaccio appears to have been influenced by Cima da Conegliano" (Vittore Carpaccio)
• Did many paintings of the Virgin Mary
• Works of art:
  The Annunciation
  Holy Conversion
  St. George and the Dragon
  
  

Leonardo da Vinci's art was religious as well as realistic and precise.

• Considered the true Renaissance man
• He first worked in sculpture as a boy
• Apprentice to Andrea del Verocchio whose specialty was perspective (Museum of Science)
• Leonardo had a very picturesque was of drawing and painting.
• He used perspective and realistic techniques in his paintings which was different than what had been used then. (Museum of Science.)
• Chiaroscuro and sfumato are what he used a great deal to make his paintings and drawings so lifelike.
• His artwork was influenced by science(biology/anatomy) as well as dissections he made on dead human beings to make his art look so realistic
• The first piece he was ever paid to do was an altar piece for the chapel of the Palazzo Vecchio. (Web Gallery of Art)
• His first patron was Ludovico Sforza.
• Art works:
  Annunciation
  Virigin of the Rocks
  The Lady with the Ermine
  The Last Supper
  Michelangelo
  
• Painted the Sistine Chapel
• Worked in the Medici Gardens when he was younger
• At around the age of 16, he had already completed two great works of art: The Battle of the Centaurs and Madonna of the Stairs
• His high point in sculpting was when he created the statue of David.
• Works of Art
  David marble statue
  Sistene Chapel: Last Judgement, Genesis, Prophets, Sibyls, Iqnudi, Spandreis, Lunettes, Triangles, Medallions
  Madonna and the Child marble statue
  

Romanticism Free Response

To what extent did Romanticism challenge Enlightenment views of human beings and the natural world and how did this challenge illustrate changes between the enlightenment and romantic views of the relationship between God and the individual?

The Romantic age came with many changes. They questioned God's authority, and how He affected humans and what they did. Romanticism changed the way people thought. It made people question the affect that God had over them, and what the reason for their talent and ideas were. Romanticism caused people to think outside the box and to become more in sync with the natural world and their emotions instead of keeping God as their reason for everything they did that was great.

Ludwig van Beethoven is an example of how everything changed and became more natural and emotional. He was a fantastic musician/music writer who's music is still listened to to this very day. Beethoven created a more emotional effect in his music. Instead of being very formal and straightforward, his music was more up and down and played with one's feelings. His music was not made for a religious figure or because he felt that God wanted him to. Beethoven wrote his music out of feelings and the want to create it.

Percy Shelley is another great example of the affect that Romanticism had on people. Shelley was a poet who poured emotion into his poetry. They were so dramatic, but created an affect like the poet was talking about them instead of himself. He married a woman and had a child with her. However, this marriage did not last because he fell in love with another and left his wife and child abandoned. Percy was the first to do what he really felt. He went where is emotions took him, even if it meant abandoning those who were his family. His poetry showed this passion he felt. Another like him was John Keats. Keats had lost his family at a fairly young age and knew how it felt to grieve. He went from being a surgeon who amputated extremities on people with no anesthetic, to a heartfelt poet. His poetry made him so much more interesting and gave him the affect of a troubled soul that was greatly alluring to those in his time because there were very few who were like this.

Edgar Allen Poe was a fantastic poet. His poetry created such a dark picture that dug deep into one's soul. He poured out his emotions that gave his poetry such imagistic qualities. All over the world people still read his poetry. This is because they can deeply connect to it and take personal experiences that can be related to his poetry.

Writers, poets, musicians, and artists of the Romantic age all created a great new era. They gave one reason to do things without a religious reason. The Romantics caused a great change that enveloped the entire world. They did not need a religious reason to create any kind of art, they did it because they wanted to and poured their emotion out into their work. This is why Romanticism greatly changed the relationship between human beings and the natural world along with their inner emotions and caused them to come out and be shown to the world through many different ways.

Free Response Industrial Revolution

Explain how the Industrial Revolution influenced the rise of conservative and liberal philosophies and explain how those philosophies competed with or related to nationalism in Greece and Germany.

The Industrial Revolution was a great time period for Western Civilization. It created a much easier and more productive lifestyle, and gained a great deal of profit from it. However, the revolution also came along with different views. There were conservatives as well as liberalists. The conservative and liberal philosophies of the Industrial Revolution related greatly to the nationalism in Greece and Germany of that time because of how everyone was very in delved in their country and wanted it to be better.
The conservative philosophies mainly stayed the same throughout Western Europe. They did not want any change that would alter the status quo of the people. In France, people wanted to go back a step by staying at the Napoleonic stage, when they had freedom of the press, as well as the Napoleonic Laws. England wanted to stay the same as well. In Russia once Alexander died, people wanted change and thought that his brother Constantine would take over and change the conservativeness of Russia. However he did no such thing and instead handed over the throne to his brother Nicholas, who was very conservative. But before Alexander died, he became greatly paranoid and sent out secret services and set up more enforcements on the people to stay conservative. England stayed the same as well, and made very few changes to their philosophies.

The liberalists of the Industrial Revolution did quite the opposite. They wanted change and were going to work for it. In England when the Corn Law went into affect, people had a hard time affording any grains. But things would change some, and eventually the law would be revoked and the people could afford to buy grains again. In France, the emigrates came back to try and exterminate the Terror enthusiasts that had forced them to leave. They started a problem there that called for a change in the conservative philosophy as well. In Greece, the Ottoman Turks were being rebelled against. The Grecian people did not want them as their leaders anymore, which caused a problem in Britain because they thought that the revolution in Greece would spread into other countries. In Germany, there was a university that came up with a liberal thinkers group that made peaceful demonstrations about becoming a liberal country. However, when one of the members shot an important conservative, things became much stricter and they were watched over by the government very closely.

In Germany and Greece, the people were very proud of their country. However, there was a need for change in both. In Greece, they wanted to overthrow the Ottoman Turks who had been there for a long time and had controlled Greece. There was a mass killing on one of the islands that caused even greater turmoil there. In Germany, they controlled Austria and Poland. Austria was the greatest in terms of power and size over the rest of the countries. Because of this, Germany did not want to lose control over Austria, for fear of being attacked by them.

Both liberal and conservative philosophies were brought up and influenced by the Industrial Revolution. Conservatives did not want to change their ways and their status quo. However, the people did. They wanted the changes to be made and created demonstrations to show this yearn for change. In Greece, they got the Ottoman Turks to change. In Germany however, they did not change a great deal, and they kept hold of Austria. In the end, both liberal and conservative philosophies related to and competed against the Greek and German nationalism.

Outline

• Thesis- Artists during the Italian Renaissance were exponentially more popular due to the change in style of art into a religious outlook, but the profession developed into a more exclusive occupation because of how the work became remarkably lifelike.

  
  Filippo Brunelleschi

  • He was an architect and sculptor.
  • "a Florentine hero on account of the celebrated dome"(Web Gallery of Art)
  • Brunelleschi was trained as a goldsmith and greatly enjoyed it. (Life of an Artist)
  • Art work:
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
  • Went from a geometric style to a rhythmic sculptural style (Web Gallery of Art)

  
  Donatello

  • He sculpted bronze and marble
  • His earliest sculpture was of David.
  • His early sculptures were of a Gothic style
  • Works of art:
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 75%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 75%)

  
  Bertoldo di Giovanni

  • He was a pupil of Donatello
  • "The teacher of Michaelangelo since he was employed by Lorenzo de Medici, Il Magnifico"(Web Gallery of Art)
  • He was interested in classical sculpting
  • Art works:
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 75%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 75%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 75%)

  Sandro Botticelli

  • He was an Italian painter
  • "His understanding of perspective and foreshortening, of architectural design and, indeed, of anatomy, were all that might have been expected of a man with such a background, but it is to the pure visual poetry of the outcome that he owes his fame"(Web Gallery of Art)
  • He experimented with pyramidal form
  • Did many works for Lorenzo Medici the Elder
    
  • Most notable painting was The Birth of Venus
  • The Adoration of the Magi gave him a great reputation for color, design, and composition(Life of an Artist)
  • Art works:
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
    
    

Vittore Carpaccio

• His main works of art were done between 1490 and 1519
  
• He was ranked among the masters of the Venetian Renaissance
• His early influences were Antonello da Messina and Giovanni Bellini (Vittore Carpaccio)
• "in later years Carpaccio appears to have been influenced by Cima da Conegliano" (Vittore Carpaccio)
• Did many paintings of the Virgin Mary
• Works of art:
  http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
  http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
  http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)

Leonardo da Vinci

• Considered the true Renaissance man
• He first worked in sculpture as a boy
• Apprentice to Andrea del Verocchio whose specialty was perspective (Museum of Science)
• Leonardo had a very picturesque was of drawing and painting.
• He used perspective and realistic techniques in his paintings which was different than what had been used then. (Museum of Science.)
• Chiaroscuro* and sfumato* are what he used a great deal to make his paintings and drawings so lifelike.
• His artwork was influenced by science(biology/anatomy) as well as dissections he made on dead human beings to make his art look so realistic
• The first piece he was ever paid to do was an altar piece for the chapel of the Palazzo Vecchio. (Web Gallery of Art)
• His first patron was Ludovico Sforza.
• Art works:
  Annunciation http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 75%)
  Virigin of the Rocks http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
  The Lady with the Ermine http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
  The Last Supper http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
  
  Michelangelo
  
  

Research Topic

Renaissance art and how it transitioned from before the Renaissance to the actual Renaissance.

Unit 3 Review

17/20

French and Egyptian Revolution

1. Compare and Contrast Louis XVI and Mubarak.
   Louis XVI:
   Became king in 1774
   Weak king
   In his 20s when he became king
   Married Marie Antoinette
   Bad economy and agricultural income when he came into power
   In power during the French Revolution
   Died during his reign.
   
   Mubarak:
   Became president of Egypt in 1981
   Very controlling president
   53 when he became president
   Became president after the assassination of the previous president during a military
   parade
   Won three relections
   
   
2. In each case, why are the people protesting?
   Louis: The Third Estate was extremely poor and couldn't pay anymore taxes, even though they were the only estate that was forced to pay the taxes. They wanted a new constitution and to be equal with the the first and second estates.
   Mubarak: The people wanted a new government. They wanted new people running Egypt, including Mubarak. The people wanted everyone out, and to start on a clean slate and create a new democratic government.
   
   
3. What role did women play?
   Louis: women attacked Versailles and overthrew it. They lead the way to siege the palace, which was a great role because the men were mainly the people who were at the front of the line,
   Mubarak: women were protesting right along side the men about the government problem in the Tahrir Square. They were not afraid to speak their minds against the government.
   
   
4. What concerns are there about the current situation in Egypt? How might they relate to the days following the fall of Louis?
   That people will not keep up with the push for a democracy and equality, and end up falling back into a dictation problem. This related to after the fall of Louis because of the chaos brought about in order to get a new king on the throne.
   
   
5. How did/are the people expressing their views?
   The Egyptians were rioting throughout this whole process. It was peaceful and then became violent, with the police being forced to use tear gas on the people. They want to show that they are not backing down, and that they want this democracy to go through.
   
   
6. Are the current protests violent?
   Not at the moment no, because of the celebration of Mubarak's resignation. There was some where tear gas and weaponry were used to stop the outburst, but the protests are mostly peaceful. This is good because this means that there is no problems with what is actually going on.
   
   
7. What do the people on the ground in Cairo think is going to happen now?
   The people believe that the transition of power will go peacefully and without chaos. Everything is peaceful at the moment from what the reporters on the ground say, and hopefully it will stay that way, because if more problems open up, Egypt is going to erupt and create a catastrophe and the surrounding countries and trade allies are going to be affected by it.
   
   
8. Based on your study of the French Revolution and your current observations of the situation in Egypt, what do you think are possible outcomes? How are the possible outcomes in Egypt alike or different with outcomes in France -- both in the short and long term.
   Based on what has been seen, the outcome could go both ways. It could either be good or bad. Things could go peacefully or there could be another full blown riot. The people of France argued a great deal about who would take the throne, because there were so many different groups of people who wanted their leaders to take the throne. This would be the worst thing that could happen for Egypt, but it is not likely based on the fact that people want a new power to rise, and they are working hard for this to go how they want it to.

DBQ Terror

Discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of the Terror as an instrument of

the French Revolution.

The Terror in the summer of 1793 created great turmoil within France. The Jacobins had forced their way into the French government. Now, the country was chaotic, and in complete disorder. Prussia, Austria, and Britain were all either threatening France or fighting to keep them out of their country. However, throughout this entire panic stricken year, peace came out of chaos, and there was a positive outcome to this mess.

Charles James Fox in Document 4 exclaimed that it is sad for France to be ruled by so many criminals when the people of the country are capable of such great energy. He thinks that they should have been able to overthrow a government with the majority of the people against the new government. That with over 25 million people in France, the Jacobins should have been overthrown with ease. General Ronsin said that the rebellious people who follow after this outcry of revolt should also be punished equal to those who were the first to create this revolution. In the document he says, " it is necessary that the flames from their devastated dens proclaim tar and wide the punishment that is destined for those who try to imitate them." On March 20, 1794, a report(Document 13) is sent to the government saying "You daily hear that they consist of a number of intriguers, who plunder the nation and oppress citizens. It is a fact that there is no section in Paris which is not dissatisfied with its revolutionary committee or does not seriously desire to have them abolished." Everyone in Paris is unhappy with the revolutionary government.

There were very few in France who were happy with this new revolutionary government. On February 3, 1794, people began to get out of control and that “bitter complaints already expressed numberless times, were repeated today of the arrest and imprisonment of citizens who are good patriots and are victims of ambition, cupidity, jealousy, and, in short, every human passion.” There was very little to be said that was good about the Terror. Interestingly enough though, Louis Antoine de Saint-Just said in a speech that even though there were so many problem going on including Calvados being in revolt, and their armies being defeated in Pvrenees and surrounding Mont Blanc, their greatest problem was the anxiety of a radical government taking over and the amount of concentration of an authority needed to save France. The rebels had gotten into the people's minds and hearts and struck fear there. It had created the chaos that surrounded the people.

However, afterwards many of the rebels were executed. In the first document, it shows how much of France in 1793 had been the holding place of those executions. Vendee, part of Paris, Lore, and Lyon had had over 495 executions. Bordeaux, Nimes, Toulouse, and Calvados had between 100 and 400 executions. Document 3 showed how many executions were held in which cities. All of France had had a total of 13,347 executions. And in Document 2, it showed the number of deaths caused by the social groups in the Terror. In total, Paris had had 2,639, and the rest of France had had 11,361 deaths.

The rebels had struck fear and hatred in the people of France. No one liked them, but most were too scared of them to do anything. Death was all around the country, and people had needed to take action. However, throughout all of this, good had come forward. The revolutionists were executed and justice was brought forth. Throughout this entire panic stricken year, peace came out of chaos, and there was a positive outcome to this mess.

Candide Outline

Thesis: Pangloss's optimism is much better than Martin's pessimism because of how Pangloss positively affected Candide on his journeys around the world.

Outline:

Pangloss was a great person, with a kind heart, and a positive thinker.

• Pangloss was very optimistic.
  
  
• He was a philosopher as well.
  
  
• Pangloss taught Candide when he was young.
  
  
• Candide, the main character, always keeps his heart and mind open.
  
  
• Candide takes what Pangloss says to heart and remembers it for later reference.
  
  
• Candide was continually optimistic, even though his life was hard.
  
  
  Pangloss made great points about life throughout his travels.
  
  
• Pangloss said that everything that happens is the best it could be.
  
  
• Believed God made everything that happens happen in the best way it can be.
  
  
• Pangloss believed that optimism was key.
  
  
  Martin was an irksome person, who had a negative yet more realistic outlook on life.
  
  
• Martin was a pessimist.
  
  
• He created a negative atmosphere.
  
  
• Martin was bluntly realistic compared to Pangloss.
  
  
• He talked about rising above all the evil of the world to get to God.
  
  
• His pessimism irked Candide during their travels together.
  
  
• Martin keeps trying to dissolve Candide's hope of ever finding and marrying Cunegonde.
  
  
  However, Candide never gives up hope, and in the end through all the problems he's faced, he still manages to marry Cunegonde and live happily with her

Russian political and social reform

Analyze the methods and degrees of success of Russian political and social reform
from the period of Peter the Great (1689–1725) through Catherine the Great
(1762–1796).

Outline:

Thesis- Peter the Great and Catherine the Great had the most considerable impact on Russia between 1689 and 1725 in making Russia a great Western European Power.

1st Paragraph

Peter the Great

Embarked on a Grand European Tour for two years

Met many important people

Got a lot of information about Western European cultures that he brought back to Russia(industrial techniques, and state administration)

Determined to modernize Russia and westernize Russia

Opposed by conservative clergy and nobles who were attached to the status quo during his attempt at a transition

Modernized Russia's military

Organized postal service

Died in 1725

2nd paragraph

Catherine I of Skavronska

Peter II of Romanov-struggled over the terms of succession

Anna Romanova

Ivan VI Romanov

Elizabeth Romanova- banned purchasing of serfs by non-nobles

Peter III Romanov- issued the Manifesto of Rights on the Nobility

3rd Paragraph

Catherine II the Great Von Anhalt-Zerbst

Founding of German colonies on the Lower Volga River

Final Secularization of church lands

Peasants are forbidden to file complaints against their landowners

She publishes satirical journals

Much more progress during her reign

After she dies, the Alexander Palace is finished

Between 1689 and 1725, Russia went through a great change. Not all at once, and definitely not one change after another, but a great change nonetheless. Russia was once a very secluded country that was fine with where they were technologically and culturally, until Peter the Great changed it all. After him came many other rulers, but the only other to make an impacting change was Catherine II the Great. Peter the Great and Catherine the Great had the most considerable impact on Russia between 1689 and 1725 in making Russia a great Western European Power.

Peter the Great came into power after his sister, Sophia was confined to a convent. Instead of settling in Moscow, he went on the Grand European Tour to understand the western cultures. He met many important people along the way, like monarchs and conducting diplomacy. Peter also received a great deal of information about the western cultures including industrial techniques and state administration that he brought back to Russia. Peter's main goal was to modernize/westernize Russia, like the other western European countries already were. He was greatly opposed by conservative clergy and some nobles because of their liking of the already normal status quo. However, this did not stop Peter. He modernized Russia's military and also organized the postal services there. He died in 1725.

The next 37 years were not very successful in westernizing Russia. Catherine I of Skavronska came and went, and nothing happened. Peter II Romanov came and struggled with the terms of succession, but nothing else happened. Anna Romanova and then Ivan IV Romanov came into power, but again, nothing. Elizabeth Romanova banned the purchasing of serfs by non-nobles, but there was no other significant changes. The last of this unsuccessful streak was Peter III Romanov, who issued the Manifesto of Rights on the Nobility.

Then, in 1762 came a new ruler, and her name was Catherine II the Great. She was, like Peter the Great, intent on modernizing Russia. Catherine was there during the founding of Russian colonies along the Lower Volga River. There was also the final secularization of the church lands. The peasants were now unable to file complaints against their landowners. Catherine published satirical journals during this time. There was much more progress during her reign, then the past 37 years. She died in 1796, and during this year, the Alexander Palace was completed.

The only two people who had a great influence on the westernizing of Russia within 1689 and 1796 were Catherine II the Great and Peter the Great. Peter brought on the idea of westernizing Russia. He found out new techniques to make the military better as well. Catherine the Great also brought this goal back, and advanced it some more with the secularization of the church lands. Peter the Great and Catherine the Great had the most considerable impact on Russia between 1689 and 1725 in making Russia a great Western European Power.

DBQ Midterm

Analyze the concerns and goals of Participants in the Pilgrimage of Grace and those who apposed the movement.

The Participants of the Pilgrimage of Grace were those who felt that the new laws, taxes, and dissolution of monasteries were wrong. They were Catholics that decided to stage protests and armed demonstrations to show how displeased they were with the new changes. The people who apposed the movement felt that these new changes were good, and that what the King was doing was a good thing. During this time, there was great controversy between the two groups, and the participants of the pilgrimage suffered for what they had done. The people of the Pilgrimage of Grace had a right to feel displeased with the problem, but the consequences of their actions was also right considering the time period this happened, because of the way they acted out against the King.

In the first document, the participants of the pilgrimage stated that the march was for their love of God and the ousting of those who do evil against He and His church. They were doing the march to prove their undying loyalty to God. Document four is a poem about how they had been doing this for their faith, and now they were left homeless without anything to own. The monks were stating that they had been removed of all of their lands, animals, and crops, and that their faith was now placed in shackles. The marcher's proclamation in document two talks about how their own country did not defend them from the misdeeds done by the Scots and the thieves stealing what they still owned, even though they felt that what they were doing was right. This seems like a good thing, defending their beliefs, until they started with the protests and armed demonstrations.

In document five, the King's Council receives a letter asking for things to go back to the way they were. They Catholics wanted the Pope back as the supreme head of the church in Rome, for heresies against their leaders to be annulled and destroyed, as well as having the households and objects that were previously owned by the Catholics to be given back to them. They wanted things to be Catholic for them again, instead of them being treated like rebels and outcasts. Document eight is written by a Catholic parish priest, while he was imprisoned in the Tower of London. He talks about how the rebellious acts demonstrated by the Pilgrimage of Grace participants could have been stopped if someone had told them it was considered treason. He also says that the demonstrations were that against the Privy Council for the King, not against him. The rebellious demonstrations were beginning to become a problem.

The armed demonstrations and staged protests had become all too big of a problem. The people against the pilgrimage started to complain too. In the ninth document, King Henry says that the rebellions that occurred could have ruined the country. He also states that even though this was a great act of treason, he would pardon them as long as they repented and made humble submissions to he, King Henry VIII. The tenth document is the statistics for the First Treason Trial of the Participants of the Pilgrimage of Grace. In total, 223 people were tried for treason, 177 were commoners. Over half of them, 144, were convicted. In percentage, 65% of the people tried were convicted of treason.

The participants definitely paid the price for their actions. They were convicted of treason, which could have been stopped if they had known what they were doing was considered treason. The people against the pilgrimage got what they wanted, which was for the participants to stop and pay for what they did. The participants obviously had the right to feel displeased. However, they did not have the right to create rebellions and problems, which in the end, caused them to pay dearly.

Outline

Thesis- The people of the Pilgrimage of Grace had a right to feel displeased with the problem, but the consequences of their actions was also right considering the time period this happened, because of the way they acted out against the King.

1st paragraph:

1st document

Explain what they mean

4th document

Explain what they mean

2nd document

Outbursts had taken it too far

2nd Paragraph

Document 5

Explain more

Document 8

Describe it

3rd Paragraph

Rebellious acts were a problem

Document 9

Document 10

Free Response Midterm #4

Describe and analyze how overseas expansion by European states affected global trade and international relations from 1600 to 1715.

Outline:

Thesis- International relations and global trade were significantly affected by what was discovered, and how popular they were back in Europe.

1^st Paragraph:

France owned Quebec

Big on furs

This was a major trade

Important, as well as significant because of different furs now being traded

2^nd Paragraph

The ownage of Brazil by Portugal

New spices

New animals

New foods to trade

New plants and trees to be used

3^rd Paragraph

Spain owning the land of the Aztecs and Mayans in Mexico

Brought over diseases and new weapons

Helped for defeating the groups

New foods: corn, tomatoes, beans

The age of exploration caused countries to become more interested in gaining power and controlling more new land. They wanted new lands for new discoveries, and to increase their trades with other countries. Global trade would increase, because of the yearn for the new foods, furs, and other things coming back over from the Americas. International relations would also become much more important, now that people wanted more of what was coming back over from the new world. International relations and global trade were significantly affected by what was discovered, and how popular they were back in Europe.

France owned Quebec in Canada. Here, there were new furs to be traded. They were a huge part of what people wanted back over in Europe. New kinds of furs would sell for a great deal of money, due to the increase in yearning for the new kinds of coats, hats, and other accessories. It was a significant discovery in the new world now that people were over there. The increase in popularity of the new furs would increase the amount of sales, and the amount of money that was being made from these new trades.

Now that Portugal owned Brazil, there would also be a great deal more of trade. Brazil was a huge country, with a great deal of landscape that was yet to be discovered. The new foods that were found were a big hit in the trade back over in Europe. People wanted to try the new foods that were being shipped over, which made the relations so important. The new animals that were found were also a huge discovery and a plus for the increase of money that was made in Portugal. There were also new spices that were discovered, which was probably one of the greatest trades that was then started up, because of the different uses for it and the new assortment of dishes that could now be served for meals.

Spain owning the Aztecs and the Mayans land in Mexico was another one. When the Spaniards brought over their technologically modern weapons and alien diseases, the people were easy to wipe out. There was not too long of a fight for either of the groups, because they were immune to their homeland's diseases, while the Mexicans were not, which caused them to become weaker, making it easier for the Spaniards to win the battles. Now that they were in control, there were new foods to be traded. These foods included corn, tomatoes, and beans. These new foods were a hit back in Europe, so they were a massive part of the trade as well.

All three examples show how important the global trade and the international relations became. Because of the new trades that were being made, they became more popular. When the thing that was being traded, like fur, became popular, there was more of a desire for it in other countries. This caused relations to become stronger between countries, and more money to be made. The more popular the trade products were, the better for the relations, amount of trade, and income for a country.