Outline

• Thesis- Artists during the Italian Renaissance were exponentially more popular due to the change in style of art into a religious outlook, but the profession developed into a more exclusive occupation because of how the work became remarkably lifelike.

  
  Filippo Brunelleschi

  • He was an architect and sculptor.
  • "a Florentine hero on account of the celebrated dome"(Web Gallery of Art)
  • Brunelleschi was trained as a goldsmith and greatly enjoyed it. (Life of an Artist)
  • Art work:
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
  • Went from a geometric style to a rhythmic sculptural style (Web Gallery of Art)

  
  Donatello

  • He sculpted bronze and marble
  • His earliest sculpture was of David.
  • His early sculptures were of a Gothic style
  • Works of art:
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 75%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 75%)

  
  Bertoldo di Giovanni

  • He was a pupil of Donatello
  • "The teacher of Michaelangelo since he was employed by Lorenzo de Medici, Il Magnifico"(Web Gallery of Art)
  • He was interested in classical sculpting
  • Art works:
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 75%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 75%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 75%)

  Sandro Botticelli

  • He was an Italian painter
  • "His understanding of perspective and foreshortening, of architectural design and, indeed, of anatomy, were all that might have been expected of a man with such a background, but it is to the pure visual poetry of the outcome that he owes his fame"(Web Gallery of Art)
  • He experimented with pyramidal form
  • Did many works for Lorenzo Medici the Elder
    
  • Most notable painting was The Birth of Venus
  • The Adoration of the Magi gave him a great reputation for color, design, and composition(Life of an Artist)
  • Art works:
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
    http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
    
    

Vittore Carpaccio

• His main works of art were done between 1490 and 1519
  
• He was ranked among the masters of the Venetian Renaissance
• His early influences were Antonello da Messina and Giovanni Bellini (Vittore Carpaccio)
• "in later years Carpaccio appears to have been influenced by Cima da Conegliano" (Vittore Carpaccio)
• Did many paintings of the Virgin Mary
• Works of art:
  http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
  http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
  http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)

Leonardo da Vinci

• Considered the true Renaissance man
• He first worked in sculpture as a boy
• Apprentice to Andrea del Verocchio whose specialty was perspective (Museum of Science)
• Leonardo had a very picturesque was of drawing and painting.
• He used perspective and realistic techniques in his paintings which was different than what had been used then. (Museum of Science.)
• Chiaroscuro* and sfumato* are what he used a great deal to make his paintings and drawings so lifelike.
• His artwork was influenced by science(biology/anatomy) as well as dissections he made on dead human beings to make his art look so realistic
• The first piece he was ever paid to do was an altar piece for the chapel of the Palazzo Vecchio. (Web Gallery of Art)
• His first patron was Ludovico Sforza.
• Art works:
  Annunciation http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 75%)
  Virigin of the Rocks http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
  The Lady with the Ermine http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
  The Last Supper http://www.wga.hu/support/viewer/z.html (at 50%)
  
  Michelangelo
  
  

Research Topic

Renaissance art and how it transitioned from before the Renaissance to the actual Renaissance.

Unit 3 Review

17/20

French and Egyptian Revolution

1. Compare and Contrast Louis XVI and Mubarak.
   Louis XVI:
   Became king in 1774
   Weak king
   In his 20s when he became king
   Married Marie Antoinette
   Bad economy and agricultural income when he came into power
   In power during the French Revolution
   Died during his reign.
   
   Mubarak:
   Became president of Egypt in 1981
   Very controlling president
   53 when he became president
   Became president after the assassination of the previous president during a military
   parade
   Won three relections
   
   
2. In each case, why are the people protesting?
   Louis: The Third Estate was extremely poor and couldn't pay anymore taxes, even though they were the only estate that was forced to pay the taxes. They wanted a new constitution and to be equal with the the first and second estates.
   Mubarak: The people wanted a new government. They wanted new people running Egypt, including Mubarak. The people wanted everyone out, and to start on a clean slate and create a new democratic government.
   
   
3. What role did women play?
   Louis: women attacked Versailles and overthrew it. They lead the way to siege the palace, which was a great role because the men were mainly the people who were at the front of the line,
   Mubarak: women were protesting right along side the men about the government problem in the Tahrir Square. They were not afraid to speak their minds against the government.
   
   
4. What concerns are there about the current situation in Egypt? How might they relate to the days following the fall of Louis?
   That people will not keep up with the push for a democracy and equality, and end up falling back into a dictation problem. This related to after the fall of Louis because of the chaos brought about in order to get a new king on the throne.
   
   
5. How did/are the people expressing their views?
   The Egyptians were rioting throughout this whole process. It was peaceful and then became violent, with the police being forced to use tear gas on the people. They want to show that they are not backing down, and that they want this democracy to go through.
   
   
6. Are the current protests violent?
   Not at the moment no, because of the celebration of Mubarak's resignation. There was some where tear gas and weaponry were used to stop the outburst, but the protests are mostly peaceful. This is good because this means that there is no problems with what is actually going on.
   
   
7. What do the people on the ground in Cairo think is going to happen now?
   The people believe that the transition of power will go peacefully and without chaos. Everything is peaceful at the moment from what the reporters on the ground say, and hopefully it will stay that way, because if more problems open up, Egypt is going to erupt and create a catastrophe and the surrounding countries and trade allies are going to be affected by it.
   
   
8. Based on your study of the French Revolution and your current observations of the situation in Egypt, what do you think are possible outcomes? How are the possible outcomes in Egypt alike or different with outcomes in France -- both in the short and long term.
   Based on what has been seen, the outcome could go both ways. It could either be good or bad. Things could go peacefully or there could be another full blown riot. The people of France argued a great deal about who would take the throne, because there were so many different groups of people who wanted their leaders to take the throne. This would be the worst thing that could happen for Egypt, but it is not likely based on the fact that people want a new power to rise, and they are working hard for this to go how they want it to.

DBQ Terror

Discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of the Terror as an instrument of

the French Revolution.

The Terror in the summer of 1793 created great turmoil within France. The Jacobins had forced their way into the French government. Now, the country was chaotic, and in complete disorder. Prussia, Austria, and Britain were all either threatening France or fighting to keep them out of their country. However, throughout this entire panic stricken year, peace came out of chaos, and there was a positive outcome to this mess.

Charles James Fox in Document 4 exclaimed that it is sad for France to be ruled by so many criminals when the people of the country are capable of such great energy. He thinks that they should have been able to overthrow a government with the majority of the people against the new government. That with over 25 million people in France, the Jacobins should have been overthrown with ease. General Ronsin said that the rebellious people who follow after this outcry of revolt should also be punished equal to those who were the first to create this revolution. In the document he says, " it is necessary that the flames from their devastated dens proclaim tar and wide the punishment that is destined for those who try to imitate them." On March 20, 1794, a report(Document 13) is sent to the government saying "You daily hear that they consist of a number of intriguers, who plunder the nation and oppress citizens. It is a fact that there is no section in Paris which is not dissatisfied with its revolutionary committee or does not seriously desire to have them abolished." Everyone in Paris is unhappy with the revolutionary government.

There were very few in France who were happy with this new revolutionary government. On February 3, 1794, people began to get out of control and that “bitter complaints already expressed numberless times, were repeated today of the arrest and imprisonment of citizens who are good patriots and are victims of ambition, cupidity, jealousy, and, in short, every human passion.” There was very little to be said that was good about the Terror. Interestingly enough though, Louis Antoine de Saint-Just said in a speech that even though there were so many problem going on including Calvados being in revolt, and their armies being defeated in Pvrenees and surrounding Mont Blanc, their greatest problem was the anxiety of a radical government taking over and the amount of concentration of an authority needed to save France. The rebels had gotten into the people's minds and hearts and struck fear there. It had created the chaos that surrounded the people.

However, afterwards many of the rebels were executed. In the first document, it shows how much of France in 1793 had been the holding place of those executions. Vendee, part of Paris, Lore, and Lyon had had over 495 executions. Bordeaux, Nimes, Toulouse, and Calvados had between 100 and 400 executions. Document 3 showed how many executions were held in which cities. All of France had had a total of 13,347 executions. And in Document 2, it showed the number of deaths caused by the social groups in the Terror. In total, Paris had had 2,639, and the rest of France had had 11,361 deaths.

The rebels had struck fear and hatred in the people of France. No one liked them, but most were too scared of them to do anything. Death was all around the country, and people had needed to take action. However, throughout all of this, good had come forward. The revolutionists were executed and justice was brought forth. Throughout this entire panic stricken year, peace came out of chaos, and there was a positive outcome to this mess.

Candide Outline

Thesis: Pangloss's optimism is much better than Martin's pessimism because of how Pangloss positively affected Candide on his journeys around the world.

Outline:

Pangloss was a great person, with a kind heart, and a positive thinker.

• Pangloss was very optimistic.
  
  
• He was a philosopher as well.
  
  
• Pangloss taught Candide when he was young.
  
  
• Candide, the main character, always keeps his heart and mind open.
  
  
• Candide takes what Pangloss says to heart and remembers it for later reference.
  
  
• Candide was continually optimistic, even though his life was hard.
  
  
  Pangloss made great points about life throughout his travels.
  
  
• Pangloss said that everything that happens is the best it could be.
  
  
• Believed God made everything that happens happen in the best way it can be.
  
  
• Pangloss believed that optimism was key.
  
  
  Martin was an irksome person, who had a negative yet more realistic outlook on life.
  
  
• Martin was a pessimist.
  
  
• He created a negative atmosphere.
  
  
• Martin was bluntly realistic compared to Pangloss.
  
  
• He talked about rising above all the evil of the world to get to God.
  
  
• His pessimism irked Candide during their travels together.
  
  
• Martin keeps trying to dissolve Candide's hope of ever finding and marrying Cunegonde.
  
  
  However, Candide never gives up hope, and in the end through all the problems he's faced, he still manages to marry Cunegonde and live happily with her